Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 50
The first arrow was fired by an Inkum man named Osim, and at once the fight became general.
Who acts: Inkum man, fight · What happens: fire, name, become · To what, where: first arrow, Inkum man
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inkum man, fight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 arrow | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 arrow | amod |
| 3 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fired | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 fired | aux:pass |
| 5 | fired | fire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 man | case |
| 7 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 man | det |
| 8 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 man | compound |
| 9 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fired | obl |
| 10 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 man | acl |
| 11 | Osim | Osim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 named | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 became | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 became | cc |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 once | case |
| 15 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 18 became | obl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 fight | det |
| 17 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 became | nsubj |
| 18 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 fired | conj |
| 19 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 became | xcomp |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fired | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fire | past · passive | a Inkum man | the first arrow | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | name | participle | a Inkum man not said here | Osim xcomp | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | become | past | the fight | general property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/50/