Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 59
The prisoner was left on the ground all night with the heavy drum on top of him.
What happens: leave · To what, where: prisoner, ground
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 prisoner | det |
| 2 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 left | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 left | aux:pass |
| 4 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 ground | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ground | det |
| 7 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 left | obl |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 night | det |
| 9 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 left | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 drum | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 drum | det |
| 12 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 drum | amod |
| 13 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 left | obl |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 top | case |
| 15 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 left | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 top | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 left | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past · passive | the prisoner | the ground | night | with the heavy drum; on top of man | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme on ground=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/59/