Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 60
The next morning the head fighting man released the prisoner, and having tied him up to a tree, cut his head off with his matchet.
Who acts: fighting man · What happens: fight, release, tie up, cut off · To what, where: prisoner, man, head
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fighting man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 morning | det |
| 2 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 morning | amod |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 released | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 man | det |
| 5 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 fighting | compound |
| 6 | fighting | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 man | amod |
| 7 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 released | nsubj |
| 8 | released | release | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 prisoner | det |
| 10 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 released | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tied | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 tied | cc |
| 13 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 tied | aux |
| 14 | tied | tie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 released | conj |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 tied | obj |
| 16 | up | up | ADP | _ | 14 tied | compound:prt |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 tree | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 tree | det |
| 19 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tied | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 cut | punct |
| 21 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 released | conj |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 head | nmod:poss |
| 23 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 cut | obj |
| 24 | off | off | ADP | _ | 21 cut | compound:prt |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 matchet | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 matchet | nmod:poss |
| 27 | matchet | matchet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 cut | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 released | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | gerund | head compound | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | release | past | the fighting man | the prisoner | morning | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer prisoner=Source | |||
| 3 | tie up | gerund · perfect | the fighting man not said here | man | to a tree | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient to tree=Co-Patient | |||
| 4 | cut off | past | the fighting man not said here | man's head | with man's matchet | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector head=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/60/