Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 61
He then dressed himself up in the long hair (mane) of a ram, wrapped a leopard skin round his waist, painted his face, breast and right hand with white chalk, and placed four feathers from the black-and-white fishing eagle in his hair, one down the centre in front, one behind, and one on either side.
Who acts: man · What happens: dress up, wrap, paint, place · To what, where: man, long hair, leopard skin, face, four feathers
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 dressed | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 dressed | advmod |
| 3 | dressed | dress | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 dressed | obj |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 dressed | compound:prt |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 hair | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hair | det |
| 8 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hair | amod |
| 9 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dressed | obl |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 mane | punct |
| 11 | mane | mane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 hair | conj |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 11 mane | punct |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 ram | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 ram | det |
| 15 | ram | ram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 mane | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 wrapped | punct |
| 17 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 dressed | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 skin | det |
| 19 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 skin | compound |
| 20 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 wrapped | obj |
| 21 | round | round | ADP | _ | 23 waist | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 waist | nmod:poss |
| 23 | waist | waist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 wrapped | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 painted | punct |
| 25 | painted | paint | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 wrapped | conj |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 face | nmod:poss |
| 27 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 painted | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 breast | punct |
| 29 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 face | conj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 hand | cc |
| 31 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 hand | amod |
| 32 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 face | conj |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 chalk | case |
| 34 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 chalk | amod |
| 35 | chalk | chalk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 painted | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 placed | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 placed | cc |
| 38 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 dressed | conj |
| 39 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 40 feathers | nummod |
| 40 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 placed | obj |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 49 eagle | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 eagle | det |
| 43 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 eagle | amod |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 eagle | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 eagle | cc |
| 46 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 and | punct |
| 47 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 eagle | amod |
| 48 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 eagle | compound |
| 49 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 placed | obl |
| 50 | in | in | ADP | _ | 52 hair | case |
| 51 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 hair | nmod:poss |
| 52 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 eagle | nmod |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 one | punct |
| 54 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 52 hair | appos |
| 55 | down | down | ADP | _ | 57 centre | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 centre | det |
| 57 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 one | nmod |
| 58 | in | in | ADP | _ | 59 front | case |
| 59 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 centre | nmod |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 one | punct |
| 61 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 54 one | conj |
| 62 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 61 one | advmod |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 one | punct |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 one | cc |
| 65 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 dressed | obl |
| 66 | on | on | ADP | _ | 68 side | case |
| 67 | either | either | DET | PronType=Ind | 68 side | det |
| 68 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 one | nmod |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 dressed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dress up | past | man | man | the long hair and mane of a ram | then | one on either side obl | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient | |
| 2 | wrap | past | man not said here | a leopard skin | round man's waist | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme | |||
| 3 | paint | past | man not said here | man's face and breast and right hand | with white chalk | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent face=Destination with chalk=Theme | |||
| 4 | place | participle | man not said here | four feathers | from the black white fishing eagle in man's hair | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent feather=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/61/