Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xi.--how a Father Tried to Kill One of His Sons But Failed., sentence 61
About midnight the leopard brought fire and burnt the house down, thinking that he had made certain of the boy this time.
Who acts: leopard · What happens: bring, burnt down, think, make · To what, where: fire, house · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xi.--how a Father Tried to Kill One of His Sons But Failed.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leopard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 2 midnight | advmod |
| 2 | midnight | midnight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 brought | obl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 leopard | det |
| 4 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 brought | nsubj |
| 5 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 brought | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 burnt | cc |
| 8 | burnt | burnt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 brought | conj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 house | det |
| 10 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 burnt | obj |
| 11 | down | down | ADP | _ | 8 burnt | compound:prt |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 thinking | punct |
| 13 | thinking | think | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 burnt | advcl |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 made | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 made | nsubj |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 made | aux |
| 17 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 thinking | ccomp |
| 18 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 made | xcomp |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 boy | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 boy | det |
| 21 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 certain | obl |
| 22 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 23 time | det |
| 23 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 made | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 brought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring | past | the leopard | fire | midnight | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent fire=Theme | |||
| 2 | burnt down | past | the leopard not said here | the house | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | gerund | the leopard not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | make | past · perfect | leopard | time | certain property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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