Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism., sentence 52
Chief Elullo told the boy that they were going to eat the dead man as they had eaten the man the previous night, and that he should have his share as before.
Who acts: Chief, houses, man · What happens: tell, go, eat, have, share · To what, where: boy, dead man, man, share · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, houses, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chief | Chief | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 2 | Elullo | Elullo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Chief | flat |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 boy | det |
| 5 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 told | iobj |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 going | mark |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 going | nsubj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 going | aux |
| 9 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 told | ccomp |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 eat | mark |
| 11 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 going | xcomp |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 man | det |
| 13 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 man | amod |
| 14 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 eat | obj |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 eaten | mark |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 eaten | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 eaten | aux |
| 18 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 eat | advcl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 man | det |
| 20 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 eaten | obj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 night | det |
| 22 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 night | amod |
| 23 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 eaten | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 have | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 have | cc |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 have | mark |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 have | nsubj |
| 28 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 have | aux |
| 29 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 told | conj |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 share | nmod:poss |
| 31 | share | share | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 have | obj |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 before | case |
| 33 | before | before | ADV | _ | 29 have | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | Chief | the boy | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent boy=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | go | past · progressive | houses = house | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | eat | to-infinitive | houses = house not said here | the dead man | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | ||||
| 4 | eat | past · perfect | houses = house | the man | night | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | |||
| 5 | have | should | man | man's share | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent share=Patient | ||||
| 6 | share | man | nom share «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/9/52/