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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism., sentence 61

Chief Elullo replied that he could not help his feelings, and that, Amoru had seen a man or woman killed every night for a month and a half, and that he had received his share although the people who had been killed and eaten were the dear relations of some of the witches.

Who acts: Chief, that, man, Amoru, people · What happens: reply, not help, see, kill, receive, eat · To what, where: feelings, share, people, dear relations

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xii.--concerning the Okuni Witches and Cannibalism.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, that, man, Amoru), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjflatmarknsubjauxadvmodadvclnmod:possobjpunctccnsubjpunctnsubjauxadvcldetnsubjccconjparataxisdetobl:unmarkedcasedetoblccdetconjpunctccmarknsubjauxparataxisnmod:possobjmarkdetnsubjnsubj:passauxaux:passacl:relclccconjcopdetamodadvclcasenmodcasedetnmodpunctrootChiefPROPNElulloPROPNrepliedVERBthatSCONJhePRONcouldAUXnotPARThelpVERBhisPRONfeelingsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJthatPRON,PUNCTAmoruPROPNhadAUXseenVERBaDETmanNOUNorCCONJwomanNOUNkilledVERBeveryDETnightNOUNforADPaDETmonthNOUNandCCONJaDEThalfNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJthatSCONJhePRONhadAUXreceivedVERBhisPRONshareNOUNalthoughSCONJtheDETpeopleNOUNwhoPRONhadAUXbeenAUXkilledVERBandCCONJeatenVERBwereAUXtheDETdearADJrelationsNOUNofADPsomeDETofADPtheDETwitchesNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ChiefChiefPROPNNumber=Sing3 repliednsubj
2ElulloElulloPROPNNumber=Sing1 Chiefflat
3repliedreplyVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4thatthatSCONJ_8 helpmark
5hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs8 helpnsubj
6couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin8 helpaux
7notnotPARTPolarity=Neg8 helpadvmod
8helphelpVERBVerbForm=Inf3 repliedadvcl
9hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs10 feelingsnmod:poss
10feelingsfeelingNOUNNumber=Plur8 helpobj
11,,PUNCT_17 seenpunct
12andandCCONJ_17 seencc
13thatthatPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem17 seennsubj
14,,PUNCT_13 thatpunct
15AmoruAmoruPROPNNumber=Sing17 seennsubj
16hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin17 seenaux
17seenseeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part22 killedadvcl
18aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art19 mandet
19manmanNOUNNumber=Sing22 killednsubj
20ororCCONJ_21 womancc
21womanwomanNOUNNumber=Sing19 manconj
22killedkillVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 repliedparataxis
23everyeveryDETPronType=Tot24 nightdet
24nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing22 killedobl:unmarked
25forforADP_27 monthcase
26aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art27 monthdet
27monthmonthNOUNNumber=Sing22 killedobl
28andandCCONJ_30 halfcc
29aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art30 halfdet
30halfhalfNOUNNumber=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac27 monthconj
31,,PUNCT_36 receivedpunct
32andandCCONJ_36 receivedcc
33thatthatSCONJ_36 receivedmark
34hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs36 receivednsubj
35hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin36 receivedaux
36receivedreceiveVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part3 repliedparataxis
37hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs38 sharenmod:poss
38shareshareNOUNNumber=Sing36 receivedobj
39althoughalthoughSCONJ_51 relationsmark
40thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art41 peopledet
41peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur51 relationsnsubj
42whowhoPRONPronType=Rel45 killednsubj:pass
43hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin45 killedaux
44beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part45 killedaux:pass
45killedkillVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass41 peopleacl:relcl
46andandCCONJ_47 eatencc
47eateneatVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass45 killedconj
48werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin51 relationscop
49thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art51 relationsdet
50deardearADJDegree=Pos51 relationsamod
51relationsrelationNOUNNumber=Plur36 receivedadvcl
52ofofADP_53 somecase
53somesomeDETPronType=Ind51 relationsnmod
54ofofADP_56 witchescase
55thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art56 witchesdet
56witcheswitchNOUNNumber=Plur53 somenmod
57..PUNCT_3 repliedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1reply speech: assertpastChiefvn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2not helpcouldchiefchief's feelingsvn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Beneficiary
3seepast · perfectthatAmoru nsubjvn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4killpasta man or womanmonth; nightvn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
5receivepast · perfectAmoruchief's sharevn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent share=Theme
6killpast · perfect · passivethe peoplevn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
7eatparticiplevn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8is apastthe peoplethe dear relationsof some of the witchestree rules
9sharechiefnom share «possession transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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