Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 11
Of late years a great deal of interest has been taken in the folklore of uncivilized tribes by those who have made it their business to study mankind.
Who acts: those · What happens: take, make, study, deal · To what, where: great deal, folklore, deal, mankind, interest
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (those), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 3 years | case |
| 2 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 years | amod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 taken | obl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 deal | det |
| 5 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 deal | amod |
| 6 | deal | deal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 interest | case |
| 8 | interest | interest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 deal | nmod |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 taken | aux |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 taken | aux:pass |
| 11 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 folklore | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 folklore | det |
| 14 | folklore | folklore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 taken | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 tribes | case |
| 16 | uncivilized | uncivilized | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 tribes | amod |
| 17 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 folklore | nmod |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 those | case |
| 19 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 11 taken | obl |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 made | nsubj |
| 21 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 made | aux |
| 22 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 those | acl:relcl |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 made | obj |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 business | nmod:poss |
| 25 | business | business | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 made | obj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 study | mark |
| 27 | study | study | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 made | advcl |
| 28 | mankind | mankind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 study | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | present · perfect · passive | those | a great deal of interest | the folklore of uncivilized tribes | year | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Value in folklore=Location | ||
| 2 | make | present · perfect | deal | who nsubj; tribes's business obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset it=Beneficiary business=Product | ||||
| 3 | study | to-infinitive | mankind | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mankind=Topic | |||||
| 4 | deal | interest | nom deal «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/11/