Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 12
It has been found that a knowledge of the traditionary tales of a people is a key to their ideas and a standard of their powers of thought.
Who acts: knowledge, people · What happens: find, be, tell · To what, where: deal, key · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knowledge, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 found | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 found | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 found | aux:pass |
| 4 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 key | mark |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 knowledge | det |
| 7 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 key | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 tales | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 tales | det |
| 10 | traditionary | traditionary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tales | amod |
| 11 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 knowledge | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 people | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 people | det |
| 14 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 tales | nmod |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 key | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 key | det |
| 17 | key | key | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 found | ccomp |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 ideas | case |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 ideas | nmod:poss |
| 20 | ideas | idea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 key | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 standard | cc |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 standard | det |
| 23 | standard | standard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 ideas | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 powers | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 powers | nmod:poss |
| 26 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 standard | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 thought | case |
| 28 | thought | thought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 powers | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present · perfect · passive | deal | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | a knowledge of the traditionary tales of a people | a key | to PEOPLE's ideas and a standard of ideas's powers of thought | tree rules | |||
| 3 | tell | a people | nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/1/12/