Kaffir folk-lore, Opening, sentence 41
They were arranged for publication in a volume which was to have been issued from the press of the Lovedale Missionary Institution, and the first sheet was already printed, when the disturbances of 1877 took place.
Who acts: disturbances, Lovedale Institution · What happens: arrange, issue, print, take, press · To what, where: magazines, volume, press, first sheet, place
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (disturbances, Lovedale Institution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 arranged | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 arranged | aux:pass |
| 3 | arranged | arrange | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 publication | case |
| 5 | publication | publication | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 arranged | obl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 volume | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 volume | det |
| 8 | volume | volume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 arranged | obl |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 issued | obj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 issued | aux:pass |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 issued | mark |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 issued | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 issued | aux:pass |
| 14 | issued | issue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 volume | acl:relcl |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 press | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 press | det |
| 17 | press | press | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 issued | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Institution | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Institution | det |
| 20 | Lovedale | Lovedale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Institution | compound |
| 21 | Missionary | Missionary | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Lovedale | flat |
| 22 | Institution | institution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 press | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 printed | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 printed | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 sheet | det |
| 26 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 27 sheet | amod |
| 27 | sheet | sheet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 printed | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 printed | aux:pass |
| 29 | already | already | ADV | _ | 30 printed | advmod |
| 30 | printed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 arranged | parataxis | |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 took | punct |
| 32 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 took | advmod |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 disturbances | det |
| 34 | disturbances | disturbance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 took | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 1877 | case |
| 36 | 1877 | 1877 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 disturbances | nmod |
| 37 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 printed | conj |
| 38 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 took | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 arranged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arrange | past · passive | magazines = magazine | a volume | for publication | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in volume=Destination | |||
| 2 | issue | past · perfect · passive | a volume | the press of the Lovedale Institution | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: which=Theme | ||||
| 3 | past · passive | the first sheet | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | take | past | the disturbances of 1877 | place | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 5 | press | the Lovedale Institution | nom press «state intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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