Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 102
Come up, come up; there is an army going away with the cattle.”
Who acts: you, army · What happens: come up, be, go away
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Come | come | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | up | up | ADV | _ | 1 Come | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 come | punct |
| 4 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 Come | conj |
| 5 | up | up | ADV | _ | 4 come | advmod |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 is | punct |
| 7 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 8 is | expl |
| 8 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Come | parataxis |
| 9 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 army | det |
| 10 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 is | nsubj |
| 11 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 army | acl |
| 12 | away | away | ADV | _ | 11 going | advmod |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 cattle | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 cattle | det |
| 15 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 going | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Come | punct |
| 17 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come up | imperative | you not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | come up | infinitive | you not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | be | present | a army | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | go away | gerund | a army not said here | with the cattle; away property | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with cattle=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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