Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 108
Only one old man and Hlakanyana were left behind.
What happens: leave behind · To what, where: one old man
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 2 one | advmod |
| 2 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 man | nummod |
| 3 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 man | amod |
| 4 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 left | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 Hlakanyana | cc |
| 6 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 man | conj |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 left | aux:pass |
| 8 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 8 left | advmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 left | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave behind | past · passive | one old man and Hlakanyana | behind property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/108/