Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 109
Then Hlakanyana said to the old man: “I am very tired with fighting; just go to the river, grandfather, and get some water.”
Who acts: Hlakanyana · What happens: say, be, fight, go, get · To what, where: old man, river, water · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 said | advmod |
| 2 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 man | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 man | det |
| 6 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 man | amod |
| 7 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 tired | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 tired | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 tired | nsubj |
| 11 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 tired | cop |
| 12 | very | very | ADV | _ | 13 tired | advmod |
| 13 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 said | ccomp |
| 14 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 15 fighting | mark |
| 15 | fighting | fight | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 tired | advcl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 go | punct |
| 17 | just | just | ADV | _ | 18 go | advmod |
| 18 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 river | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 river | det |
| 21 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 go | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 grandfather | punct |
| 23 | grandfather | grandfather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 river | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 get | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 get | cc |
| 26 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 18 go | parataxis |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 water | det |
| 28 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 get | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 go | punct |
| 30 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 go | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hlakanyana | the old man | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | Hlakanyana | tired property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | fight in a quote | gerund | Hlakanyana not said here | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | go in a quote | infinitive | the river and grandfather | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to river=Initial_Location | |||||
| 5 | get in a quote | infinitive | some water | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/109/