Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 123
They looked, and saw the bone by the side of the old man, and the fat on his mouth.
Who acts: men · What happens: look, see · To what, where: bone
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 looked | nsubj |
| 2 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 saw | punct |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 saw | cc |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | conj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bone | det |
| 7 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obj |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 side | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 side | det |
| 10 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 man | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 man | det |
| 13 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 man | amod |
| 14 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 side | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 fat | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 fat | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 fat | det |
| 18 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | conj |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 mouth | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 21 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 fat | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | men = man | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | see | past | men = man not said here | the bone | by the side of the old man; the fat on Fat's mouth conj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/123/