Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 168
While they were eating, the younger one said: “Look at this, it is like the toe of mother.”
Who acts: sons, younger one, meat · What happens: eat, say, look, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sons, younger one, meat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 eating | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 eating | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 eating | aux |
| 4 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 said | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 eating | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 one | det |
| 7 | younger | young | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 one | amod |
| 8 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 Look | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Look | punct |
| 12 | Look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | ccomp |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 this | case |
| 14 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 Look | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 toe | punct |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 toe | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 toe | cop |
| 18 | like | like | ADP | _ | 20 toe | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 toe | det |
| 20 | toe | toe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Look | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 mother | case |
| 22 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 toe | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 Look | punct |
| 24 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Look | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | past · progressive | sons = son | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the younger one | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | look in a quote | infinitive | at this | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at this=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | meat | like the toe; of mother | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/168/