Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 179
The cunning fellow changed himself into a little round stone.
Who acts: cunning fellow · What happens: change · To what, where: fellow, little round stone
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cunning fellow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 fellow | det |
| 2 | cunning | cunning | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 fellow | amod |
| 3 | fellow | fellow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changed | nsubj |
| 4 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 4 changed | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 stone | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 stone | det |
| 8 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 stone | amod |
| 9 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 stone | amod |
| 10 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changed | obl |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 changed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | past | the cunning fellow | fellow | into a little round stone result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into stone=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/179/