Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 206
Hlakanyana said: “You have eaten them, because you came out of the water first, and you have left me the heads only.”
Who acts: Hlakanyana, You · What happens: say, eat, come out, leave · To what, where: birds, heads, Hlakanyana · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 eaten | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 eaten | punct |
| 5 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 eaten | nsubj |
| 6 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 eaten | aux |
| 7 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 said | ccomp |
| 8 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 eaten | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 came | punct |
| 10 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 12 came | mark |
| 11 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 came | nsubj |
| 12 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | conj |
| 13 | out | out | ADV | _ | 12 came | advmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 water | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 water | det |
| 16 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 came | obl |
| 17 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 came | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 left | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 left | cc |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 left | nsubj |
| 21 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 left | aux |
| 22 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 said | ccomp |
| 23 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 left | iobj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 heads | det |
| 25 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 left | obj |
| 26 | only | only | ADV | _ | 22 left | advmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 left | punct |
| 28 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 left | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Hlakanyana | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | eat in a quote | present · perfect | You | birds = bird | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 3 | come out in a quote | past | you | of the water; first, out property | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | leave in a quote | present · perfect | you | the heads | Hlakanyana | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent i=Theme head=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/10/206/