Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 30
The chief took a little stick, and said: “If you trouble me again, I will strike you with this.”
Who acts: chief, you · What happens: take, say, trouble, strike · To what, where: little stick, chief, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 stick | det |
| 5 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 stick | amod |
| 6 | stick | stick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 said | cc |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 strike | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 strike | punct |
| 12 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 14 trouble | mark |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 trouble | nsubj |
| 14 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 strike | advcl |
| 15 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 trouble | obj |
| 16 | again | again | ADV | _ | 14 trouble | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 trouble | punct |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 strike | nsubj |
| 19 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 strike | aux |
| 20 | strike | strike | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | ccomp |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 strike | obj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 this | case |
| 23 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 strike | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 strike | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 strike | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the chief | a little stick | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stick=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the chief not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | trouble a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | you | the chief = chief | again | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | strike in a quote | future | the chief = chief | you | with this | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent you=Patient with this=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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