Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 31
Hlakanyana replied: “Give me meat first, and I will go away;” but the chief would not answer, because he was very angry.
Who acts: Hlakanyana, chief · What happens: reply, give, go away, not answer, be · To what, where: meat, Hlakanyana · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hlakanyana, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hlakanyana | Hlakanyana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 replied | nsubj |
| 2 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 Give | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 Give | punct |
| 5 | Give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 replied | ccomp |
| 6 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 Give | iobj |
| 7 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Give | obj |
| 8 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 5 Give | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 go | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 go | cc |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 go | nsubj |
| 12 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 go | aux |
| 13 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 Give | conj |
| 14 | away | away | ADV | _ | 13 go | advmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 replied | punct |
| 16 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 replied | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 answer | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 chief | det |
| 19 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 answer | nsubj |
| 20 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 answer | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 answer | advmod |
| 22 | answer | answer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 replied | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 angry | punct |
| 24 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 28 angry | mark |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 angry | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 angry | cop |
| 27 | very | very | ADV | _ | 28 angry | advmod |
| 28 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 answer | conj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 replied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reply speech: assert | past | Hlakanyana | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | give in a quote | infinitive | meat | Hlakanyana | first property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient meat=Theme | |||
| 3 | go away in a quote | future | Hlakanyana | away property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not answer speech: assert | would | the chief | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | past | chief | angry property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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