Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 30
The cannibal’s family were out gathering firewood, but he was at home, and had just put Demazana in a big bag, where he intended to keep her till the fire was made.
Who acts: family · What happens: gather, be, put, intend, keep, make · To what, where: firewood, home, Demazana, big bag, fire
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cannibal | det |
| 2 | cannibal | cannibal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 family | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 cannibal | case |
| 4 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gathering | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 gathering | aux |
| 6 | out | out | ADP | _ | 5 were | compound:prt |
| 7 | gathering | gather | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | firewood | firewood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gathering | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 home | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 home | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 home | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 home | cop |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 home | case |
| 14 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gathering | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 put | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 put | cc |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 put | aux |
| 18 | just | just | ADV | _ | 19 put | advmod |
| 19 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 gathering | parataxis |
| 20 | Demazana | Demazana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 put | obj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 bag | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 bag | det |
| 23 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 bag | amod |
| 24 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 put | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 intended | punct |
| 26 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 28 intended | advmod |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 intended | nsubj |
| 28 | intended | intend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 bag | acl:relcl |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 keep | mark |
| 30 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 intended | xcomp |
| 31 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 keep | obj |
| 32 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 36 made | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 fire | det |
| 34 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 made | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 made | aux:pass |
| 36 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 keep | advcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 gathering | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gather | past · progressive | the cannibal's family | firewood | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firewood=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | family | home | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | put | past · perfect | Demazana | a big bag | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent demazana=Theme in bag=Destination | ||||
| 4 | intend | past | family | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | keep not said to happen | to-infinitive | family not said here | Demazana | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme | ||||
| 6 | make | past · passive | the fire | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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