Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 42
Mbulukazi’s ox was a pretty young one, and Mahlunguluza’s ox was an old and poor one.
Who acts: ox · What happens: be · To what, where: pretty young one, old one
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mbulukazi | Mbulukazi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ox | nmod:poss |
| 2 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 1 Mbulukazi | case |
| 3 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 one | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 one | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 one | det |
| 6 | pretty | pretty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 one | amod |
| 7 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 one | amod |
| 8 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 one | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 one | cc |
| 11 | Mahlunguluza | Mahlunguluza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 ox | nmod:poss |
| 12 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 11 Mahlunguluza | case |
| 13 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 one | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 one | cop |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 one | det |
| 16 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 one | amod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 poor | cc |
| 18 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 old | conj |
| 19 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 one | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 one | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Mbulukazi's ox | a pretty young one and a old one | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | Mahlunguluza's ox | a old one | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/42/