Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 47
Their road led them along the edge of a cliff, below which was a deep pool of water.
Who acts: road · What happens: lead, be · To what, where: children, edge, deep pool
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (road), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 road | nmod:poss |
| 2 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | nsubj |
| 3 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 led | obj |
| 5 | along | along | ADP | _ | 7 edge | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 edge | det |
| 7 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 cliff | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 cliff | det |
| 10 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 edge | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 pool | punct |
| 12 | below | below | ADP | _ | 17 pool | case |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 pool | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 pool | cop |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 pool | det |
| 16 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 pool | amod |
| 17 | pool | pool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 led | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 water | case |
| 19 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pool | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past | children's road | children = child | the edge of a cliff | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme along edge=Destination | |||
| 2 | is | past | a deep pool | of water; which nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/47/