Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 48
Mahlunguluza lay down on the rock, and said: “Come, see what is here in the water.”
Who acts: Mahlunguluza · What happens: lie down, say, come, see, be · To what, where: rock, water · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mahlunguluza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mahlunguluza | Mahlunguluza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 lay | nsubj |
| 2 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADV | _ | 2 lay | advmod |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 rock | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 rock | det |
| 6 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lay | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 said | cc |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 lay | conj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 Come | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Come | punct |
| 12 | Come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | ccomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 see | punct |
| 14 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 Come | conj |
| 15 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 17 here | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 here | cop |
| 17 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 see | ccomp |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 water | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 water | det |
| 20 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 here | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 Come | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie down | past | Mahlunguluza | the rock | down property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on rock=Location | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Mahlunguluza not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | come in a quote | infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | see in a quote | infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | the water | what nsubj; here property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/48/