Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 49
Her sister lay down with her head over the edge of the rock, when Mahlunguluza jumped up quickly and pushed her over.
Who acts: sister, Mahlunguluza · What happens: lie down, jump up, push over · To what, where: edge, sister
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sister, Mahlunguluza), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 sister | nmod:poss |
| 2 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lay | nsubj |
| 3 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADV | _ | 3 lay | advmod |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 head | case |
| 6 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 head | nmod:poss |
| 7 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lay | obl |
| 8 | over | over | ADP | _ | 10 edge | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 edge | det |
| 10 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lay | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 rock | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 rock | det |
| 13 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 edge | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 jumped | punct |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 jumped | advmod |
| 16 | Mahlunguluza | Mahlunguluza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 jumped | nsubj |
| 17 | jumped | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lay | parataxis |
| 18 | up | up | ADP | _ | 17 jumped | compound:prt |
| 19 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 17 jumped | advmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 pushed | cc |
| 21 | pushed | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 jumped | conj |
| 22 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 pushed | obj |
| 23 | over | over | ADP | _ | 21 pushed | compound:prt |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie down | past | road's sister | the edge of the rock | with sister's head; down property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over edge=Location | |||
| 2 | jump up | past | Mahlunguluza | quickly property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | push over | past | Mahlunguluza not said here | sister | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/49/