Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 6
One of them said to the other: “Dove, ask the woman why she is crying.”
Who acts: One, Dove, woman · What happens: say, ask, cry · To what, where: other, woman · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, Dove, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 said | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 them | case |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 One | nmod |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 other | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 other | det |
| 7 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 said | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 ask | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 ask | punct |
| 10 | Dove | dove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ask | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Dove | punct |
| 12 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 woman | det |
| 14 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ask | obj |
| 15 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 crying | advmod |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 crying | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 crying | aux |
| 18 | crying | cry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 ask | advcl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 ask | punct |
| 20 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 ask | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | One of doves | the other | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to other=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask in a quote | infinitive | Dove | the woman | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent woman=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | cry speech: express in a quote | present · progressive | woman | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/6/