Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 44
They saw him go to the cave where he took some corn out of one of the bags and began to grind it.
Who acts: ’s, Kenkebe · What happens: see, go, take, begin, grind · To what, where: Kenkebe, cave, corn
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (’s, Kenkebe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | obj |
| 4 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 saw | xcomp |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 cave | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 cave | det |
| 7 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 go | obl |
| 8 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 10 took | advmod |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 took | nsubj |
| 10 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 cave | acl:relcl |
| 11 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 corn | det |
| 12 | corn | corn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 took | obj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 15 one | case |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 one | case |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 took | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 bags | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 bags | det |
| 18 | bags | bag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 one | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 began | cc |
| 20 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 saw | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 grind | mark |
| 22 | grind | grind | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 began | xcomp |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 grind | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | ’s = ' | Kenkebe | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go | infinitive | Kenkebe not said here | the cave | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to cave=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | take | past | Kenkebe | some corn | out one of the bags | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent corn=Theme out one=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | begin | past | ’s = ' not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | grind | to-infinitive | ’s = ' not said here | corn | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/19/44/