Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 45
Then they went on top of the rock, and rolled a big stone over.
Who acts: ’s · What happens: go, roll · To what, where: top, big stone
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (’s), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 went | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 top | case |
| 5 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 went | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 rock | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 rock | det |
| 8 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 top | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 rolled | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 rolled | cc |
| 11 | rolled | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 stone | det |
| 13 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 stone | amod |
| 14 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rolled | obj |
| 15 | over | over | ADV | _ | 11 rolled | advmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | ’s = ' | top of the rock | then | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on top=Location | |||
| 2 | roll | past | ’s = ' not said here | a big stone | over property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/19/45/