Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 60
Then his wife gave him his mantle, which she had picked up when he was running away, and she said to him: “You are foolish to do such things.
Who acts: wife, stream · What happens: give, pick up, run away, say, be, do · To what, where: stream, mantle, such things · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 gave | advmod |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 wife | nmod:poss |
| 3 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gave | nsubj |
| 4 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 gave | iobj |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 mantle | nmod:poss |
| 7 | mantle | mantle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 picked | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 picked | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 picked | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 picked | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 picked | aux |
| 12 | picked | pick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 gave | conj |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 picked | compound:prt |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 running | advmod |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 running | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 running | aux |
| 17 | running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 picked | advcl |
| 18 | away | away | ADV | _ | 17 running | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 said | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 said | cc |
| 21 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 said | nsubj |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 gave | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 him | case |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 said | obl |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 foolish | punct |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 foolish | punct |
| 27 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 29 foolish | nsubj |
| 28 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 foolish | cop |
| 29 | foolish | foolish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 said | conj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 do | mark |
| 31 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 foolish | xcomp |
| 32 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 things | amod |
| 33 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 do | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | stream's wife | stream | then | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 2 | pick up | past · perfect · passive | stream's mantle | which nsubj:pass; wife nsubj:pass | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 3 | run away | past · progressive | stream | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | wife | stream | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | stream | foolish property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | do in a quote | to-infinitive | stream not said here | such things | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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