Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 81
She cried out to him: “Jump up quickly on the big stone.”
Who acts: wife · What happens: cry out, jump up · To what, where: Kenkebe, big stone · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 cried | nsubj |
| 2 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | out | out | ADP | _ | 2 cried | compound:prt |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 cried | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 Jump | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Jump | punct |
| 8 | Jump | jump | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 cried | parataxis |
| 9 | up | up | ADV | _ | 8 Jump | advmod |
| 10 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 8 Jump | advmod |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 stone | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 stone | det |
| 13 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 stone | amod |
| 14 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 Jump | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 Jump | punct |
| 16 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Jump | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry out speech: express | past | wife | Kenkebe | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | jump up in a quote | infinitive | the big stone | quickly property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on stone=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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