Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 100
Boys are trained to the use of both these weapons from an early age.
What happens: train, use · To what, where: Boys, weapons
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 trained | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 trained | aux:pass |
| 3 | trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 use | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 use | det |
| 6 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 trained | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 weapons | case |
| 8 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 10 weapons | cc:preconj |
| 9 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 10 weapons | det |
| 10 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 use | nmod |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 age | case |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 age | det |
| 13 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 age | amod |
| 14 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 weapons | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 trained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | train | present · passive | Boys | to the use of this weapons from a early age | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | this weapons from a early age | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/100/