Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 99
The club is used at close quarters, and can also be thrown to a considerable distance.
What happens: use, throw · To what, where: club, close quarters
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 club | det |
| 2 | club | club | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 used | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | aux:pass |
| 4 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 quarters | case |
| 6 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 quarters | amod |
| 7 | quarters | quarter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 used | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 thrown | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 thrown | cc |
| 10 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 thrown | aux |
| 11 | also | also | ADV | _ | 13 thrown | advmod |
| 12 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 thrown | aux:pass |
| 13 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 used | conj |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 distance | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 distance | det |
| 16 | considerable | considerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 distance | amod |
| 17 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 thrown | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | the club | close quarters | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | throw | can · passive | to a considerable distance | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: to distance=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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