Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 98
Poising this first in his uplifted hand and imparting to it a quivering motion, the Kaffir hurls it forth with great force and accuracy of aim.
Who acts: Kaffir · What happens: poise, uplift, impart, quiver, hurl · To what, where: uplifted hand, quivering motion, hand, motion
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Poising | poise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 hurls | csubj |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 first | nsubj |
| 3 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 1 Poising | ccomp |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 hand | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 hand | nmod:poss |
| 6 | uplifted | uplift | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 hand | amod |
| 7 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Poising | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 imparting | cc |
| 9 | imparting | impart | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Poising | conj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 it | case |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 imparting | obl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 motion | det |
| 13 | quivering | quiver | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 motion | amod |
| 14 | motion | motion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 imparting | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Poising | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Kaffir | det |
| 17 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 hurls | nsubj |
| 18 | hurls | hurl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 hurls | obj |
| 20 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 18 hurls | advmod |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 force | case |
| 22 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 force | amod |
| 23 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 hurls | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 accuracy | cc |
| 25 | accuracy | accuracy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 force | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 aim | case |
| 27 | aim | aim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 accuracy | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 hurls | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | poise | gerund | offence's uplifted hand | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | uplift | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | impart | gerund | a quivering motion | hand | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | quiver | gerund | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | hurl | present | the Kaffir | motion | with great force and accuracy of aim; forth property | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/98/