Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 11
It has since been ascertained that the tribes further northward do not differ materially from these.
Who acts: tribes · What happens: ascertain, not differ · To what, where: language
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 ascertained | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ascertained | aux |
| 3 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 5 ascertained | mark |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 ascertained | aux:pass |
| 5 | ascertained | ascertain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 differ | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 tribes | det |
| 8 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 differ | nsubj |
| 9 | further | further | ADV | _ | 13 differ | advmod |
| 10 | northward | northward | ADV | _ | 13 differ | advmod |
| 11 | do | do | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 differ | aux |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 differ | advmod |
| 13 | differ | differ | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 ascertained | advcl |
| 14 | materially | materially | ADV | _ | 13 differ | advmod |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 these | case |
| 16 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 differ | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 ascertained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | present · perfect · passive | language | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not differ | infinitive · do-support | the tribes | from these; further, materially, northward property | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from this=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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