Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 10
Their language was the same, and their laws and customs varied very slightly; but in all that respected government they were absolutely independent of one another.
Who acts: language, laws · What happens: be, vary, respect · To what, where: government, that
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (language, laws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 language | nmod:poss |
| 2 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 same | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 same | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 same | det |
| 5 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 varied | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 varied | cc |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 laws | nmod:poss |
| 9 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 varied | nsubj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 customs | cc |
| 11 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 laws | conj |
| 12 | varied | vary | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 same | advcl |
| 13 | very | very | ADV | _ | 14 slightly | advmod |
| 14 | slightly | slightly | ADV | _ | 12 varied | advmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 respected | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 respected | cc |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 that | case |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 that | det:predet |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 respected | obl |
| 20 | respected | respect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 same | parataxis |
| 21 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 respected | obj |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 independent | nsubj |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 independent | cop |
| 24 | absolutely | absolutely | ADV | _ | 25 independent | advmod |
| 25 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 respected | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 one | case |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 independent | obl |
| 28 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 one | fixed |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 same | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Europeans's language | same property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | vary | past | Europeans's laws and customs | slightly property | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | respect | past | government | that | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer government=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | is | past | laws = law | of one; absolutely, independent property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/10/