Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 114
When Europeans first visited them they had, in addition to the ox, domestic dogs and an inferior breed of goats, the last not considered of much value.
Who acts: Europeans, cattle, addition · What happens: visit, have, not consider · To what, where: cattle, addition, last
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europeans, cattle, addition), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 visited | advmod |
| 2 | Europeans | European | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 visited | nsubj |
| 3 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 visited | advmod |
| 4 | visited | visit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 had | advcl |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 visited | obj |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 had | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 addition | punct |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 addition | case |
| 10 | addition | addition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 had | obj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 ox | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 ox | det |
| 13 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 addition | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 dogs | punct |
| 15 | domestic | domestic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 dogs | amod |
| 16 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 ox | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 breed | cc |
| 18 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 breed | det |
| 19 | inferior | inferior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 breed | amod |
| 20 | breed | breed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 ox | conj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 goats | case |
| 22 | goats | goat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 breed | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 considered | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 last | det |
| 25 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 considered | advmod |
| 27 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 addition | acl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 value | case |
| 29 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 value | amod |
| 30 | value | value | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 considered | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | visit | past | Europeans | cattle | first property | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | |||
| 2 | have | past | cattle | addition | to the ox and domestic dogs and a inferior breed of goats | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent addition=Patient | |||
| 3 | not consider | participle · passive | addition not said here | the last | of much value | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/114/