Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 117
They cultivate the ground to a large extent, and draw the greater portion of their food from it.
Who acts: people · What happens: cultivate, draw · To what, where: ground, greater portion, food
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 cultivate | nsubj |
| 2 | cultivate | cultivate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ground | det |
| 4 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cultivate | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 extent | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 extent | det |
| 7 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 extent | amod |
| 8 | extent | extent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cultivate | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 draw | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 draw | cc |
| 11 | draw | draw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 cultivate | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 portion | det |
| 13 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 portion | amod |
| 14 | portion | portion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 draw | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 food | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 food | nmod:poss |
| 17 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 portion | nmod |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 it | case |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 draw | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 cultivate | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cultivate | present | people | the ground | to a large extent | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Product | |||
| 2 | draw | infinitive | people not said here | the greater portion of people's food | food | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent portion=Theme from it=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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