Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 121
Of this grain they were careful always to keep a good stock on hand.
Who acts: species · What happens: be, keep · To what, where: good stock, hand
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (species), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 3 grain | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 grain | det |
| 3 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 careful | obl |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 careful | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 careful | cop |
| 6 | careful | careful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 6 careful | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 keep | mark |
| 9 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 careful | advcl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 stock | det |
| 11 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 stock | amod |
| 12 | stock | stock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 keep | obj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 hand | case |
| 14 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 keep | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 careful | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | species | of this grain; always, careful property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | keep | to-infinitive | species not said here | a good stock | hand | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent stock=Theme on hand=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/121/