Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 123
They had also pumpkins, a species of gourd, a cane containing saccharine matter in large quantities, and a sort of ground nut.
Who acts: species, cane, pumpkins · What happens: have, contain, matter, sort · To what, where: saccharine, large quantities, ground
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (species, cane, pumpkins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 pumpkins | advmod |
| 4 | pumpkins | pumpkin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 matter | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 species | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 species | det |
| 7 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pumpkins | conj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 gourd | case |
| 9 | gourd | gourd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 species | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 cane | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 cane | det |
| 12 | cane | cane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 species | conj |
| 13 | containing | contain | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 cane | acl |
| 14 | saccharine | saccharine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 containing | obj |
| 15 | matter | matter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | parataxis |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 quantities | case |
| 17 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 quantities | amod |
| 18 | quantities | quantity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 matter | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 nut | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 nut | cc |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 sort | det |
| 22 | sort | sort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 nut | nmod:poss |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 ground | case |
| 24 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sort | nmod |
| 25 | nut | nut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 matter | parataxis |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | species | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | contain | gerund | a cane not said here | saccharine | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot saccharine=Theme | ||||
| 3 | matter | present | pumpkins and a species of gourd and a cane | large quantities | a sort of ground's nut parataxis | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | sort | ground | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/123/