Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 124
The other productions of their gardens, as we see them at present, have been introduced since they became acquainted with the white man.
Who acts: we, species · What happens: see, introduce, become, produce · To what, where: species, present, other productions, gardens
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, species), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 productions | det |
| 2 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 productions | amod |
| 3 | productions | production | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 introduced | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 gardens | case |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 gardens | nmod:poss |
| 6 | gardens | garden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 productions | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 see | punct |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 see | mark |
| 9 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 see | nsubj |
| 10 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 productions | acl:relcl |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 see | obj |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 present | case |
| 13 | present | present | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 see | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 see | punct |
| 15 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 introduced | aux |
| 16 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 introduced | aux:pass |
| 17 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 20 became | mark |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 became | nsubj |
| 20 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 introduced | advcl |
| 21 | acquainted | acquainted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 became | xcomp |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 man | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 man | det |
| 24 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 man | amod |
| 25 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 acquainted | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 introduced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | we | species | present | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | introduce | present · perfect · passive | the other productions of species's gardens | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | become | past | species | acquainted property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | produce | species's gardens | nom production «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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