Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 128
They use no kinds of fish as an article of diet, and call them all snakes, without distinction.
Who acts: flesh · What happens: use, call, article · To what, where: kinds, flesh, diet · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flesh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 use | nsubj |
| 2 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 kinds | det |
| 4 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 use | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 fish | case |
| 6 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 kinds | nmod |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 article | case |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 article | det |
| 9 | article | article | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 use | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 diet | case |
| 11 | diet | diet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 article | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 call | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 call | cc |
| 14 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 use | parataxis |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 call | obj |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 snakes | det |
| 17 | snakes | snake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 call | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 distinction | punct |
| 19 | without | without | ADP | _ | 20 distinction | case |
| 20 | distinction | distinction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 call | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 use | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | flesh | no kinds of fish | as a article of diet | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent kind=Duration as article=Attribute | |||
| 2 | call | infinitive | flesh | all snakes obj; distinction conj | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme snake=Result | ||||
| 3 | article | diet | nom article «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/128/