Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 132
When the spirits become hungry, they send a plague or disaster, until sacrifices are offered and their hunger is appeased.
Who acts: spirits · What happens: become, send, offer, appease, hunger · To what, where: plague, sacrifices, hunger
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 become | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 spirits | det |
| 3 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 become | nsubj |
| 4 | become | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 send | advcl |
| 5 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 become | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 become | punct |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 send | nsubj |
| 8 | send | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 plague | det |
| 10 | plague | plague | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 send | obj |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 disaster | cc |
| 12 | disaster | disaster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 plague | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 offered | punct |
| 14 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 17 offered | mark |
| 15 | sacrifices | sacrifice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 offered | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 offered | aux:pass |
| 17 | offered | offer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 send | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 appeased | cc |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 hunger | nmod:poss |
| 20 | hunger | hunger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 appeased | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 appeased | aux:pass |
| 22 | appeased | appease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 offered | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 send | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | present | the spirits | hungry property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | send | present | spirits = spirit | a plague or disaster | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plague=Theme | ||||
| 3 | offer | present · passive | sacrifices | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | appease | present · passive | spirits's hunger | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | hunger | spirits = spirit | nom hunger «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/132/