Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 134
They have no idea of reward or punishment in a world to come for acts committed in this life, and each of the commonalty denies the immortality of his own soul.
Who acts: spirits, commonalty · What happens: have, come, commit, deny · To what, where: idea, acts, life, immortality
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirits, commonalty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 idea | det |
| 4 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 have | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 reward | case |
| 6 | reward | reward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 idea | nmod |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 punishment | cc |
| 8 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 reward | conj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 world | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 world | det |
| 11 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 punishment | nmod |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 come | mark |
| 13 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 idea | acl |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 acts | case |
| 15 | acts | act | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 come | obl |
| 16 | committed | commit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 acts | acl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 life | case |
| 18 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 life | det |
| 19 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 committed | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 denies | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 denies | cc |
| 22 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 commonalty | det |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 commonalty | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 commonalty | det |
| 25 | commonalty | commonalty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 denies | nsubj |
| 26 | denies | deny | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | parataxis |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 immortality | det |
| 28 | immortality | immortality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 denies | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 soul | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 soul | nmod:poss |
| 31 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 soul | amod |
| 32 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 immortality | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | spirits = spirit | no idea of reward or punishment in a world | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient | ||||
| 2 | come | to-infinitive | spirits = spirit not said here | no idea of reward or punishment in a world not said here | for acts | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | commit | participle | acts not said here | this life | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in life=Destination | ||||
| 4 | deny | present | each commonalty | the immortality of commonalty's own soul | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent immortality=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/134/