Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 136
A grave was dug, in which the body was placed in a sitting posture, and by it were deposited his weapons of war and ornaments.
What happens: dig, place, sit, deposit · To what, where: grave, body, sitting posture
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 grave | det |
| 2 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 dug | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dug | aux:pass |
| 4 | dug | dig | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 placed | punct |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 which | case |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 placed | obl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 body | det |
| 9 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 placed | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 placed | aux:pass |
| 11 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 dug | conj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 posture | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 posture | det |
| 14 | sitting | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 posture | amod |
| 15 | posture | posture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 placed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 deposited | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 deposited | cc |
| 18 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 21 deposited | mark |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 deposited | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 deposited | aux:pass |
| 21 | deposited | deposit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 dug | advcl |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 weapons | nmod:poss |
| 23 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 deposited | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 war | case |
| 25 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 weapons | nmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 ornaments | cc |
| 27 | ornaments | ornament | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 weapons | conj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 dug | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dig | past · passive | a grave | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | place | past · passive | the body | a sitting posture | which obl | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in which=Destination | |||
| 3 | sit | gerund | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | deposit | past · passive | body | man's weapons of war and ornaments obj | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme weapon=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/136/