Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 137
When it was closed, such expressions as these were used: “Remember us from where you are.
What happens: close, use, remember, be · To what, where: grave, such expressions, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 closed | mark |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 closed | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 closed | aux:pass |
| 4 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 used | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 expressions | punct |
| 6 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 expressions | amod |
| 7 | expressions | expression | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 used | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 these | case |
| 9 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 expressions | nmod |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 used | aux:pass |
| 11 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 Remember | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Remember | punct |
| 14 | Remember | remember | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 11 used | parataxis |
| 15 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 14 Remember | obj |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 where | case |
| 17 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 14 Remember | ccomp |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 are | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 where | cop |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | close | past · passive | grave | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | use | past · passive | such expressions as these | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | remember in a quote | infinitive | us | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent we=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | where property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/137/