Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 14
They were thus in contact with Hottentot tribes along an extended line, and an amalgamation of the two races had probably already commenced.
Who acts: laws · What happens: be, commence · To what, where: contact, amalgamation
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (laws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 contact | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 contact | cop |
| 3 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 5 contact | advmod |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 contact | case |
| 5 | contact | contact | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 tribes | case |
| 7 | Hottentot | hottentot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tribes | compound |
| 8 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 contact | nmod |
| 9 | along | along | ADP | _ | 12 line | case |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 line | det |
| 11 | extended | extended | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 line | amod |
| 12 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tribes | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 commenced | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 commenced | cc |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 amalgamation | det |
| 16 | amalgamation | amalgamation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 commenced | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 races | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 races | det |
| 19 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 races | nummod |
| 20 | races | race | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 amalgamation | nmod |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 commenced | aux |
| 22 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 24 commenced | advmod |
| 23 | already | already | ADV | _ | 24 commenced | advmod |
| 24 | commenced | commence | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 contact | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 contact | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | laws = law | contact | with Hottentot tribes along a extended line; thus property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | commence | past · perfect · passive | a amalgamation of the two races | probably property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/14/