Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 141
In a time of great danger a Kaffir will exclaim, “O Qamata, help me!” and when the danger is over he will attribute his deliverance to the same Supreme Being.
Who acts: Kaffir, Qamata, danger · What happens: exclaim, help, be, deliver · To what, where: Kaffir · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffir, Qamata, danger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 exclaim | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 danger | case |
| 5 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 danger | amod |
| 6 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 time | nmod |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 Kaffir | det |
| 8 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 exclaim | nsubj |
| 9 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 exclaim | aux |
| 10 | exclaim | exclaim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 help | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 help | punct |
| 13 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 14 Qamata | discourse |
| 14 | Qamata | Qamata | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 help | nsubj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Qamata | punct |
| 16 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 exclaim | ccomp |
| 17 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 help | obj |
| 18 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 16 help | punct |
| 19 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 help | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 attribute | cc |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 attribute | advmod |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 danger | det |
| 23 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 attribute | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 attribute | cop |
| 25 | over | over | SCONJ | _ | 28 attribute | mark |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 attribute | nsubj |
| 27 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 attribute | aux |
| 28 | attribute | attribute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 exclaim | conj |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 deliverance | nmod:poss |
| 30 | deliverance | deliverance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 attribute | obj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 Supreme | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Supreme | det |
| 33 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 Supreme | amod |
| 34 | Supreme | Supreme | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 attribute | obl |
| 35 | Being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 attribute | advcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 exclaim | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exclaim speech: express | future | a Kaffir | time | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | help in a quote | infinitive | Qamata | a Kaffir = kaffir | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the danger | to the same Supreme; Qamata nsubj; Qamata's deliverance obj; attribute property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | deliver | Qamata | nom deliverance «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/141/