Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 16
The mode of incorporation was in most instances a selection of Hottentot females after the destruction of their clan in war; but in at least one case a Hottentot tribe became gradually a Kaffir clan by mixture of blood through adoption of Kaffir refugees.
Who acts: mode, Hottentot tribe · What happens: be, become, select, destroy, adopt · To what, where: most instances, Kaffir clan, one case, Hottentot females, clan, Kaffir refugees
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mode, Hottentot tribe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 mode | det |
| 2 | mode | mode | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 instances | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 incorporation | case |
| 4 | incorporation | incorporation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 mode | nmod |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 instances | cop |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 instances | case |
| 7 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 instances | amod |
| 8 | instances | instance | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 selection | det |
| 10 | selection | selection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 instances | appos |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 females | case |
| 12 | Hottentot | hottentot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 females | compound |
| 13 | females | female | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 selection | nmod |
| 14 | after | after | ADP | _ | 16 destruction | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 destruction | det |
| 16 | destruction | destruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 females | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 clan | case |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 clan | nmod:poss |
| 19 | clan | clan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 destruction | nmod |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 war | case |
| 21 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 clan | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 became | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 became | cc |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 case | case |
| 25 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 least | case |
| 26 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 27 one | nmod |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 case | nummod |
| 28 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 became | obl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 tribe | det |
| 30 | Hottentot | Hottentot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 tribe | compound |
| 31 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 became | nsubj |
| 32 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 instances | conj |
| 33 | gradually | gradually | ADV | _ | 36 clan | advmod |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 clan | det |
| 35 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 clan | compound |
| 36 | clan | clan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 became | xcomp |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 mixture | case |
| 38 | mixture | mixture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 clan | nmod |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 blood | case |
| 40 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 mixture | nmod |
| 41 | through | through | ADP | _ | 42 adoption | case |
| 42 | adoption | adoption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 became | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 refugees | case |
| 44 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 refugees | compound |
| 45 | refugees | refugee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 adoption | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 instances | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the mode of incorporation | most instances | a selection of Hottentot females after the destruction of females's clan in war appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | become | past | a Hottentot tribe | a Kaffir clan by mixture of blood | in one case result; through adoption of Kaffir refugees | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in case=Result | |||
| 3 | select | Hottentot females after the destruction of females's clan in war | nom selection «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 4 | destroy | females's clan in war | nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 5 | adopt | Kaffir refugees | nom adoption «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/16/