Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 17
The people of this tribe, a pure Hottentot one in 1689 and then called the Gqunaqua, were found by a traveller a century later to resemble Kaffirs more than Hottentots in appearance, and, except a few families, they are now undistinguishable from other members of the Amaxosa.
Who acts: traveller, people · What happens: call, find, resemble, be · To what, where: Gqunaqua, people, Kaffirs, other members · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traveller, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 people | det |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 found | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 tribe | case |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 tribe | det |
| 5 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 people | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Hottentot | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 Hottentot | det |
| 8 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Hottentot | amod |
| 9 | Hottentot | hottentot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 people | conj |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 Hottentot | flat |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 1689 | case |
| 12 | 1689 | 1689 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 one | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 called | cc |
| 14 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 called | advmod |
| 15 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 one | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Gqunaqua | det |
| 17 | Gqunaqua | Gqunaqua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 called | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 people | punct |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 found | aux:pass |
| 20 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 traveller | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 traveller | det |
| 23 | traveller | traveller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 found | obl |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 century | det |
| 25 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 later | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 20 found | advmod |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 resemble | mark |
| 28 | resemble | resemble | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 found | ccomp |
| 29 | Kaffirs | kaffir | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 resemble | obj |
| 30 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 29 Kaffirs | conj |
| 31 | than | than | ADP | _ | 32 Hottentots | case |
| 32 | Hottentots | hottentot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 more | obl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 appearance | case |
| 34 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Hottentots | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 undistinguishable | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 undistinguishable | cc |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 and | punct |
| 38 | except | except | ADP | _ | 41 families | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 families | det |
| 40 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 families | amod |
| 41 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 undistinguishable | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 families | punct |
| 43 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 undistinguishable | nsubj |
| 44 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 undistinguishable | cop |
| 45 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 46 undistinguishable | advmod |
| 46 | undistinguishable | undistinguishable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 found | conj |
| 47 | from | from | ADP | _ | 49 members | case |
| 48 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 members | amod |
| 49 | members | member | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 undistinguishable | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 Amaxosa | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 Amaxosa | det |
| 52 | Amaxosa | Amaxosa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 members | nmod |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | a traveller not said here | the Gqunaqua | then | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent gqunaqua=Recipient | |||
| 2 | find | past · passive | a traveller | the people of this tribe and a pure Hottentot | late property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent subject=Attribute clause=Theme | |||
| 3 | resemble | to-infinitive | Kaffirs | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is | present | people | other members of the Amaxosa | now | except a few families; undistinguishable property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/17/