Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 18
Their original language has been lost, but their old tribal title is yet retained in the Kaffir form Amagqunukwebe.
Who acts: people · What happens: lose, retain, title · To what, where: original language, old tribal title, Kaffir form
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 language | nmod:poss |
| 2 | original | original | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 language | amod |
| 3 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 lost | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 lost | aux:pass |
| 6 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 retained | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 retained | cc |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 title | nmod:poss |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 title | amod |
| 11 | tribal | tribal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 title | amod |
| 12 | title | title | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 retained | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 retained | aux:pass |
| 14 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 15 retained | advmod |
| 15 | retained | retain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 lost | conj |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 form | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 form | det |
| 18 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 form | compound |
| 19 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 retained | obl |
| 20 | Amagqunukwebe | Amagqunukwebe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 form | appos |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 lost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | present · perfect · passive | people's original language | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | retain | present · passive | people's old tribal title | the Kaffir form | yet | tree rules | |||
| 3 | title | people | nom title «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/18/