Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 165
He repeats no words, but merely picks up a stone and throws it on the heap.
Who acts: Kaffir · What happens: repeat, pick up, throw · To what, where: words, stone, word, heap
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 repeats | nsubj |
| 2 | repeats | repeat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 words | det |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 repeats | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 picks | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 picks | cc |
| 7 | merely | merely | ADV | _ | 8 picks | advmod |
| 8 | picks | pick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 repeats | parataxis |
| 9 | up | up | ADP | _ | 8 picks | compound:prt |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 stone | det |
| 11 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 picks | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 throws | cc |
| 13 | throws | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 picks | conj |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 throws | obj |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 heap | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 heap | det |
| 17 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 throws | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 repeats | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | repeat | present | Kaffir | no words | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | pick up | present | a stone | merely property | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Topic | ||||
| 3 | throw | present | word | the heap | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme on heap=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/165/